Generic Name: platelets Drug Class: Blood Components What are platelets, and what are they used for? Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are one of the components of blood, along with red blood cells, white blood cells, and plasma, the fluid component. Platelets are small cell fragments of large bone marrow cells known as megakaryocytes and …

Learn about the difference between HR and HER2 types of breast cancer HR stands for hormone receptor, and HER2 stands for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Learn about the difference between these types of breast cancer. What is HR in breast cancer? Breast cells express certain proteins on their surface called hormone receptors (HRs) that act as binding sites to …

What causes aphasia? Aphasia impairs a person's ability to process language and speak and understand other people. Recovering from aphasia can be long and difficult for some people, but a qualified speech-language therapist can help. Aphasia impairs a person's ability to process language and speak and understand other people. It's caused by damage to the part of the brain that …

Leptin resistance is believed to be the main cause of weight gain and obesity Leptin is a hormone that regulates hunger and appetite. Leptin resistance is a condition in which your body fails to respond to this hormone, and it is believed to be the main cause of weight gain and obesity.  With leptin resistance, you have more leptin in …

Role of protein You need protein to build muscle, make essential enzymes and antibodies, connective tissue, hair, and many other structures. The recommended intake for protein is 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight. Protein is an essential part of your nutrition. You need protein to build muscle, make essential enzymes and antibodies, connective tissue, hair, and many …

PSA levels between 4.0 and 10.0 ng/mL might suggest the possibility of prostate cancer (in about 25 percent of cases) or BPH. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a protein produced by the glandular tissue of the prostate (a walnut-sized gland just below the bladder and in front of the rectum in males). PSA levels can be detected in the blood, urine, …

The body naturally makes glutamine in the muscles, which is transferred by the blood into different organ systems. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins in cells and tissues and are the second most abundant compound found in mammals after water. The availability of amino acids is of fundamental importance for cell survival, maintenance, and proliferation. Among the 20 …

Learn about how menopause affects breast cancer risk Although menopause itself does not increase your risk of breast cancer, advancing age does. Most postmenopausal women are diagnosed with breast cancer due to weakening immune systems and the cumulative amount of exposure to estrogen over the years. How does menopause affect breast cancer risk? Early menopause may lower the risk of breast …

People with heart failure frequently have obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and central sleep apnea. Sleep studies are tests that record specific body functions during sleep. These include heart rate, breathing rate, nasal airflow, brain wave activity, eye movement, blood oxygen level, and muscle movements. Sleep studies are used to identify sleep disorders such as sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and parasomnias. Moreover, …

Since calories are too small a measurement to use when discussing nutrition and exercise, kcal measurements are used instead and the term is interchangeable with calorie Kcal and calories are a unit of measurement of energy in nutrition and exercise. The terms are used interchangeably in nutrition and do not need to be converted. Calories are referred to as either …