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What is percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography? Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography is a minimally invasive diagnostic and/or therapeutic procedure to evaluate and treat obstruction in the biliary tract. The biliary tract is the drainage system for the liver and gallbladder. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography is a minimally invasive diagnostic and/or therapeutic procedure to evaluate and treat obstruction in the …

How is a partial gastrectomy performed? A partial gastrectomy is usually performed with the patient under general anesthesia by a gastrointestinal surgeon. The surgery is performed in an operation theater, and may take up to five hours and require up to two weeks of recovery in the hospital. A partial gastrectomy is usually performed with the patient under general anesthesia …

What is a mitral valvuloplasty procedure? The heart's mitral valve is subject to hardening or stenosis as a symptom of heart disease. Mitral valvuloplasty uses a catheter to inflate a balloon inside the valve, stretching it and ideally improving its function. Mitral valvuloplasty, also known as mitral valvotomy, is a minimally invasive procedure to treat narrowing (stenosis) of the heart’s …

What is popliteal nerve block? This image is similar to what a doctor might see on an ultrasound when locating the popliteal nerve to administer anesthetic for a popliteal nerve block. Popliteal nerve block is a type of anesthetic procedure that blocks the sciatic nerve and blocks pain in the lower leg, including  the calf,  shin,  fibula,  ankle, and  foot.  …

What is Emgality (galcanezumab-gnlm) and how is it used? Emgality is indicated for the preventive treatment of migraine in adults. Galcanezumab-gnlm is a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody specific for calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP) ligand. Galcanezumab-gnlm is produced in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells by recombinant DNA technology. Galcanezumab-gnlm is composed of two identical immunoglobulin kappa light chains and two identical …

What is Ajovy, and what is it used for? Ajovy (fremanezumab-vfrm) injection is a sterile, preservative-free, clear to opalescent, colorless to slightly yellow solution for subcutaneous injection, supplied in a single-dose 225 mg/1.5 mL prefilled syringe. Ajovy is a prescription medicine used for the preventive treatment of migraine in adults. It is not known if Ajovy is safe and effective …

What is Anoro Ellipta and what is it used for? Anoro Ellipta is a combination anticholinergic/long-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist (anticholinergic/LABA) indicated for the long-term, once-daily, maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema. Anoro Ellipta is only approved for use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Anoro Ellipta is NOT approved for use in asthma. Anoro Ellipta combines an anticholinergic, …

What is a yeast infection? What is a urinary tract infection (UTI)? Share Your Story Yeast infections and UTIs both cause painful urination. A yeast infection is an infection with any type of yeast, but people commonly use the term to refer to vaginal yeast infections in women. A yeast known as Candida albicans typically causes vaginal yeast infections. Vaginal …

What is oxybutynin, and how does it work (mechanism of action)? Oxybutynin is an oral drug that is used for treating urinary bladder spasm. Oxybutynin has a dual mechanism of action. Contraction of the smooth muscle of the bladder is stimulated by the release of acetylcholine by the nerves within the bladder and the attachment of the acetylcholine to receptors …

What is amikacin injection, and how does it work (mechanism of action)? Amikacin is a man-made aminoglycoside antibiotic. It is similar to tobramycin and gentamicin. Amikacin binds to components of bacteria that produce important bacterial proteins, blocking protein synthesis which eventually leads to stopping further bacterial growth. Amikacin is used to treat infections caused by bacteria that are resistant to …