triple-negative breast cancer

What is anemia? Worldwide, iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia. It often occurs with loss of blood or during pregnancy. Your body needs iron to form hemoglobin, which is responsible for carrying the oxygen to your red blood cells. Iron is stored in your body as hemoglobin. If your iron is low, …

What is erectile dysfunction?  Erectile dysfunction is defined as your inability to get or maintain an erection. The length of time that it takes to cure your ED will ultimately depend on the cause. One way or another, there are treatments for all cases of erectile dysfunction (ED). The length of time that it takes to cure your ED will …

Which kids need melatonin? Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland below the brain and it controls your sleep and wake cycle. If your kid needs to reset their sleep cycle after travel or a vacation, a few days' use of melatonin is safe. Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland below the brain. It controls …

Generic Name: ipratropium Brand Names: Atrovent, Atrovent HFA, Atrovent Nasal Spray Drug Class: Anticholinergics, Respiratory; allergy, Intranasal What is ipratropium, and what is it used for? Ipratropium is a medication used to relieve runny nose and nasal inflammation (rhinitis) caused by colds and allergies, and as a bronchodilator to relieve bronchospasm and ease breathing in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), …

Phenotypes can be useful for clinical diagnosis by characterizing the most typical patterns of progression identified in MS patients According to the International Advisory Committee on Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Clinical Trials, there are four basic phenotypes of MS: Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) Relapsing-remitting (RRMS) Secondary progressive (SPMS) Primary progressive (PPMS) Phenotypes can be useful for clinical diagnosis by characterizing the …

What is tinnitus? Tinnitus is when you hear ringing or other noises — like roaring or humming — in one or both ears. Many times tinnitus lasts for a few seconds to minutes, but other times it may be permanent. You may think of tinnitus as the ringing in your ears the day after a loud concert — but might …

People with AIDS have damaged immune systems, leading to severe illnesses called opportunistic infections. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the last stage of a disease caused by two lentiviruses, human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2). Origin of HIV Most emerging diseases affecting humans come from wildlife; it is often human behavior that is to blame for …

Learn about what causes type I vs. type II diabetes Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic illnesses characterized by persistent hyperglycemia caused by abnormalities in insulin production, insulin action, or both.  Type I diabetes mellitus is caused by an autoimmune reaction to proteins in the pancreatic islets cells. Type II diabetes mellitus is caused by a combination of genetic …

What is yellow discharge?  It is normal for women to have discharge throughout their monthly cycle. However, yellow discharge accompanied by a fishy smell may be a sign of a bacterial or sexually transmitted infection. Vaginal discharge is normal. It's the body’s way of cleaning and flushing bacteria out of the vagina. This discharge normally appears milky or clear and …

What is kidney disease? Chronic kidney disease means your kidneys aren't working as well as they should. It's possible to live for many years with kidney disease. If you have been diagnosed with chronic kidney disease, you may be concerned about your life expectancy. Such a disease is a lifelong condition, and you will need to manage it carefully. It …