triple-negative breast cancer

Generic Name: ipratropium Brand Names: Atrovent, Atrovent HFA, Atrovent Nasal Spray Drug Class: Anticholinergics, Respiratory; allergy, Intranasal What is ipratropium, and what is it used for? Ipratropium is a medication used to relieve runny nose and nasal inflammation (rhinitis) caused by colds and allergies, and as a bronchodilator to relieve bronchospasm and ease breathing in …

Phenotypes can be useful for clinical diagnosis by characterizing the most typical patterns of progression identified in MS patients According to the International Advisory Committee on Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Clinical Trials, there are four basic phenotypes of MS: Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) Relapsing-remitting (RRMS) Secondary progressive (SPMS) Primary progressive (PPMS) Phenotypes can be useful for clinical diagnosis by characterizing the …

What is tinnitus? Tinnitus is when you hear ringing or other noises — like roaring or humming — in one or both ears. Many times tinnitus lasts for a few seconds to minutes, but other times it may be permanent. You may think of tinnitus as the ringing in your ears the day after a loud concert — but might …

People with AIDS have damaged immune systems, leading to severe illnesses called opportunistic infections. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the last stage of a disease caused by two lentiviruses, human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2). Origin of HIV Most emerging diseases affecting humans come from wildlife; it is often human behavior that is to blame for …

Learn about what causes type I vs. type II diabetes Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic illnesses characterized by persistent hyperglycemia caused by abnormalities in insulin production, insulin action, or both.  Type I diabetes mellitus is caused by an autoimmune reaction to proteins in the pancreatic islets cells. Type II diabetes mellitus is caused by a combination of genetic …

Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is an inflammatory skin condition that is an extreme type of psoriasis Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare, severe type of psoriasis that covers large areas of the body and characterized by pus-filled blisters rather than plaques.  GPP can occur along with psoriasis vulgaris, in which typical plaque-type lesions may be seen on the skin. …

What is the thyroid? Thyroid disease is a very common health problem. There is no specific diet that will dramatically affect the symptoms of thyroid disease. Thyroid disease is a very common health problem. As many as 20 million people in America have some form of thyroid disease. It is especially common among women. There are safe and effective medical …

The benefits of melatonin Many children and teenagers can't fall asleep and sleep through the night. Those who support the use of melatonin argue it offers benefits without any increase in significant behavior problems in children. Many children and teenagers can't fall asleep and sleep through the night ( insomnia). Insomnia causes many problems for children and their parents. Melatonin is …

Symptoms of the clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) are similar to those of multiple sclerosis (MS) relapse. Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) is a part of the multiple sclerosis (MS) spectrum. Having CIS, however, does not mean that the person will inevitably develop MS. The exact cause of CIS is unknown; however, most experts agree that autoimmune mechanisms do not play an …

What is schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is a severe long-term mental condition that interferes with a person's ability to distinguish their thoughts from reality. Drug use may lead to the development of schizophrenia. Drug use may lead to the development of schizophrenia. 60% of people with schizophrenia have reported having abused drugs or alcohol in their lifetime. While drugs don’t directly cause …