neurology

The 3 types of neurofibromatosis include neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), and schwannomatosis (SWN). A neurofibromatosis is a group of genetic conditions that causes tumor formation on the nerves, brain, spinal cord, and skin. The tumors are generally noncancerous (benign) although some tumors may develop cancerous changes (malignancies). The three types of …

The cerebrum is responsible for coordinating movement, thinking, reasoning, problem-solving, emotions, learning, speech, vision, and other senses The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and divided into left and right hemispheres separated by a deep groove. Each side of the cerebral hemisphere controls the opposite side of the body. As a whole, the cerebrum is responsible for: Initiating …

Motor fluctuations in Parkinson’s disease are caused by drops in dopamine brain levels since your nerve cells can no longer make enough of the chemical. Motor fluctuations are common occurrences in many people with Parkinson’s disease as the disease progresses. Researchers think they are caused by two reasons. Wearing off effect As time passes, Parkinson’s disease worsens. The ability of …

In ancient times, trepanation was a type of neurosurgery used to treat head injuries, heal certain symptoms, and for ritual and spiritual reasons. Cranial trepanation, also called trephination, is the name given for the ancient surgical procedure to create an opening or drill holes in the skull. It represents one of the most ancient types of neurosurgery and neuroscience. Trepanation …

You can have a seizure without epilepsy, but you can’t have epilepsy without seizures. Convulsions are a type of seizure that causes involuntary shaking One seizure episode does not mean a person has epilepsy. When seizures occur frequently and become a consistent problem, however, the condition is called epilepsy. You can have a seizure without epilepsy, but you can’t have …

MRCP is a subtype of an MRI scan that is better suited for detailed images of the pancreas, gallbladder, and bile ducts. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a test that uses powerful magnets, radio waves, and a computer to get detailed pictures of body organs. The MRI uses three-dimensional images of an organ taken from different angles to help the doctor …

The first signs of Huntington's disease often appear when people are in their 30s or 40s and may include clumsiness, stumbling, or difficulty focusing Symptoms of Huntington's disease often first appear when people are in their 30s or 40s. Initial signs may include clumsiness, stumbling, or difficulty focusing. Over 10-25 years, the disease gradually kills nerve cells in the brain. …

The first years of a child’s life are extremely important, starting from the first trimester of pregnancy. The 6 stages of brain development that happen in the first three years have lifelong impacts. Neurons Neurons and synapses are brain structures that help different parts of your brain communicate. They take chemical signals, transport them, and form new wiring within your …

Dystonia cannot be cured completely, but treatments can help reduce symptoms and slow down progression of the disease Dystonia is a movement disorder that causes involuntary, uncontrolled muscle contractions in one muscle, group of muscles, or the entire body.  Dystonia cannot be cured completely, but treatments can help reduce symptoms and slow down progression of the disease. What are treatment …

Pseudotumor cerebri (PTC) is also called idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). The condition causes symptoms similar to a brain tumor Pseudotumor cerebri (PTC) is also called idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). The condition causes symptoms similar to a brain tumor, such as headaches, visual problems, nausea, and dizziness. What causes pseudotumor cerebri? The exact cause of PTC is unknown, although it may …