health and living

Sleep apnea is a medical condition where the breathing cycle stops for a short while during sleep. It is a potentially serious condition that can cause several complications including heart diseases and high blood pressure. Sleep apnea may be of different types. A common type of sleep apnea is called obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). OSA …

Meniere’s disease is a chronic condition that manifests as hearing loss, vertigo, and ringing in the ears. Meniere’s disease is a chronic condition that manifests as hearing loss, vertigo, and ringing in the ears. Various surgical options are available for refractory Meniere’s disease that does not respond to medications or if the symptoms of the disease are severe. The various …

The main purpose of impedance audiometry is to check the status of the tympanic membrane and middle ear. The main purpose of impedance audiometry is to check the status of the tympanic membrane and middle ear. It checks how well the vibrations get transmitted from the tympanic membrane (eardrum) further into the ear. The tympanic membrane is a thin layer …

Laryngotracheal reconstruction surgery (LTR) facilitates easier breathing in babies and adults with a narrow airway. Laryngotracheal reconstruction surgery (LTR) facilitates easier breathing in babies and adults with a narrow airway. It utilizes a piece of cartilage (firm tissue in the body) to reconstruct and improve the airway diameter, as well as improve its structure and functioning. Why is laryngotracheal reconstruction …

The mandible is the lower jaw. Mandibulectomy is a surgical procedure to remove a portion of the mandible while treating oral cavity cancer. There are two types of mandibulectomy: Marginal mandibulectomy: It involves only the removal of the cancerous area. There is no need for reconstructive surgery because a majority of the jaw is left. Segmental mandibulectomy: It involves the …

The nose is the most commonly injured structure in injuries involving the face. The nose is divided into left and right nostrils by a wall of fibrous tissue and cartilage called the septum. The septum has a rich blood supply and can therefore bleed profusely when injured. A septal hematoma refers to a collection of blood within the septum due …

The orbit is a solid structure that contains the eyeball, fat, muscles, vessels, and nerves. The orbit is a solid structure that contains the eyeball, fat, muscles, vessels, and nerves. The maxillary sinus, ethmoid sinus, brain, and eye muscles surround the orbit. Orbital decompression involves removing or thinning of the orbital walls with or without orbital fat removal. This increases …

Oral Brush Biopsy An oral brush biopsy is a technique to screen the oral cavity of individuals who have a high risk of developing mouth cancer. This technique collects cells from the deeper layers of the mucus membrane of the mouth. The procedure involves minimal pain and bleeding. Early detection can significantly improve survival rates in patients. Such patients require …

Nasal endoscopy or rhinoscopy is not a painful procedure; however, it may be slightly uncomfortable. Before nasal endoscopy, the doctor may spray the nose with a decongestant and local anesthesia to reduce the congestion and widen the area while stopping the patient from sneezing or discomfort. The patient may return home on the same day after the procedure. A doctor may …

What is a minimally invasive parathyroid surgery? Minimally invasive parathyroid surgery is a procedure in which the parathyroid gland is removed through a small incision. The procedure is usually performed using a video-assisted or endoscopic camera, where the surgeon uses a camera to magnify the view to remove the affected gland. Minimally invasive parathyroid surgery is usually considered in the …