health and living

Turbinates are scroll-like, shell-shaped networks of bones, vessels, and tissues within the nasal passageways. There are three turbinates on the sides of both nasal cavities (nostrils). They are called superior, middle, and inferior turbinates. Turbinates are made of bone and are covered by a soft tissue known as “mucosa.” They help regulate airflow and temperature …

The physician performs a pneumatic otoscopy using a special tool, otoscope, in the following manner: The patient must sit still during the procedure. During the examination of a child, the parent must hold the child on their lap. The doctor gently pulls the ear backward and upward to straighten the ear canal and get a better view of the eardrum. …

Sialendoscopy is a surgical procedure that involves the insertion of a thin tube with a tiny camera into the duct (tiny channels) of a salivary gland for diagnosis or treatment purposes. How long will a sialendoscopy take depends on factors such as the type of anesthesia given (local or general) and purpose for which it is perfor Sialendoscopy is a …

If a child has a cleft lip and palate, treatment will be divided into several surgeries. The first surgery corrects the cleft lip, whereas the second surgery repairs the cleft palate. Other surgeries may be required as well, depending on the severity of the condition. A minimum of one surgery is required to repair a cleft palate. The requirement for …

Posterior Nasal Posterior nasal packing is a procedure to control the bleeding from the behind (posterior aspect) of the nose. Posterior bleeding is much less common than anterior bleeding and usually is treated by the ear, nose, and throat surgeon (an otolaryngologist). Posterior nosebleeds involve bleeding from the back of the nasal cavity. Blood flow tends to be heavier than …

A doctor may order a stroboscopy test to look for causes of voice problems, such as loss of voice, hoarseness, hemoptysis, and diagnose cysts or polyps. The stroboscopy test uses a rapidly flashing light to examine the voice-box (larynx) and the vocal cords. It is a quick procedure that helps in the diagnosis of the underlying problems that may be …

Laryngotracheal reconstruction surgery (LTR) facilitates easier breathing in babies and adults with a narrow airway. Laryngotracheal reconstruction surgery (LTR) facilitates easier breathing in babies and adults with a narrow airway. It utilizes a piece of cartilage (firm tissue in the body) to reconstruct and improve the airway diameter, as well as improve its structure and functioning. Why is laryngotracheal reconstruction …

The nose is the most commonly injured structure in injuries involving the face. The nose is divided into left and right nostrils by a wall of fibrous tissue and cartilage called the septum. The septum has a rich blood supply and can therefore bleed profusely when injured. A septal hematoma refers to a collection of blood within the septum due …

The mandible is the lower jaw. Mandibulectomy is a surgical procedure to remove a portion of the mandible while treating oral cavity cancer. There are two types of mandibulectomy: Marginal mandibulectomy: It involves only the removal of the cancerous area. There is no need for reconstructive surgery because a majority of the jaw is left. Segmental mandibulectomy: It involves the …

The orbit is a solid structure that contains the eyeball, fat, muscles, vessels, and nerves. The orbit is a solid structure that contains the eyeball, fat, muscles, vessels, and nerves. The maxillary sinus, ethmoid sinus, brain, and eye muscles surround the orbit. Orbital decompression involves removing or thinning of the orbital walls with or without orbital fat removal. This increases …