Busulfex (busulfan) for Leukemia: Side Effects & Warnings


Generic drug: busulfan

Brand name: Busulfex

What is Busulfex (busulfan), and how does it work?

Busulfex (busulfan) is a cancer (antineoplastic) medication used to treat the symptoms of chronic myelogenous leukemia (a type of blood cancer). Busulfex is not a cure for leukemia.

What are the side effects of Busulfex?

Common side effects of Busulfex include:

Tell your doctor if you have serious side effects of Busulfex including:

WARNING

MYELOSUPPRESSION

Busulfex (bus ulfan) Injection causes severe and prolonged
myelosuppression at the recommended dos age. Hematopoietic progenitor cell trans
plantation is required to prevent potentially fatal complications of the
prolonged myelosuppression.

What is the dosage for Busulfex?

Initial Dosing Information

  • Administer Busulfex in combination with cyclophosphamide as a conditioning regimen prior to bone marrow or peripheral blood progenitor cell replacement. For patients weighing more than 12 kg, the recommended doses are:
    • Busulfex 0.8 mg per kg (ideal body weight or actual body weight, whichever is lower) intravenously via a central venous catheter as a two-hour infusion every six hours for four consecutive days for a total of 16 doses (Days -7, -6, -5 and -4).
    • Cyclophosphamide 60 mg per kg intravenously as a one-hour infusion on each of two days beginning no sooner than six hours following the 16th dose of
      Busulfex (Days -3 and -2).
    • Administer hematopoietic progenitor cells on Day 0.
  • Premedicate patients with anticonvulsants (e.g., benzodiazepines,
    phenytoin, valproic acid or levetiracetam) to prevent seizures reported with
    the use of high dose Busulfex. Administer anticonvulsants 12 hours prior to
    Busulfex to 24 hours after the last dose of Busulfex.
  • Administer antiemetics prior to the first dose of Busulfex and continue on a fixed schedule through
    Busulfex administration.
  • Busulfex clearance is best predicted when the Busulfex dose is administered based on adjusted ideal body weight. Dosing
    Busulfex based on actual body weight, ideal body weight or other factors can produce significant differences in
    Busulfex clearance among lean, normal and obese patients.

    Men:
    IBW (kg)=50+0.91× (height in cm -152)

    Women:
    IBW (kg)=45+0.91× (height in cm -152)

    • Calculate ideal body weight (IBW) as follows (height in cm, and weight in kg):
    • For obese or severely obese patients, base Busulfex dosing on adjusted ideal body weight (AIBW):
      • AIBW= IBW +0.25× (actual weight -IBW).

What drugs interact with Busulfex?

Drugs That Decrease Busulfex Clearance

  • Itraconazole decreases busulfan clearance by up to 25%. Metronidazole decreases the clearance of busulfan to a greater extent than does itraconazole; metronidazole coadministration has been associated with increased busulfan toxicity. Fluconazole (200 mg) has been used with
    Busulfex.
  • Decreased clearance of busulfan was observed with concomitant use with deferasirox. The mechanism of this interaction is not fully elucidated. Discontinue iron chelating agents well in advance of administration of
    Busulfex to avoid increased exposure to busulfan.
  • Because busulfan is eliminated from the body via conjugation with glutathione, use of acetaminophen prior to (less than 72 hours) or concurrent with
    Busulfex may result in reduced busulfan clearance based upon the known property of acetaminophen to decrease glutathione levels in the blood and tissues.

Drugs That Increase Busulfex Clearance

  • Phenytoin increases the clearance of busulfan by 15% or more, possibly due to the induction of glutathione-S-transferase. Since the pharmacokinetics of
    Busulfex were studied in patients treated with phenytoin, the clearance of
    Busulfex at the recommended dose may be lower and exposure (AUC) higher in patients not treated with phenytoin.

Is Busulfex safe to use while pregnant or breastfeeding?

  • Busulfex can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman based on animal data. Busulfan was teratogenic in mice, rats, and rabbits following administration during organogenesis.
  • The solvent, DMA, may also cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman.
  • It is not known whether Busulfex is present in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because of the potential for tumorigenicity shown for busulfan in human and animal studies, discontinue breastfeeding during treatment with
    Busulfex.

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