What is the retina? Symptoms of a damaged retina are dim vision, blurring of vision, flashes of light, and more. The retina is the innermost layer in the back of the eye and is the portion of the eye that receives light. It contains nerves and light-sensitive cells called rods and cones. Rods are responsible …
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How do you get multiple sclerosis? The prominent feature of MS is what is called an “attack” wherein symptoms occur and then resolve (remit) and may appear again (relapse) sometimes months or years apart affecting different organs. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, neurodegenerative, and autoimmune disease that affects the brain and spinal cord of the central nervous system (CNS). …
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What are mouth ulcers? The causes of mouth ulcers can be a traumatic, environmental, systemic disease, or medication. An ulcer usually forms as a break in the skin or mucous membrane with loss of surface tissue. Mouth ulcers are also called canker sores, aphthous ulcers, and are a form of mouth sores. They are small, round ulcers that may be …
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What are electromyography and nerve conduction studies? Electromyography and nerve conduction studies use electrodes to test the function of nerves and muscles to diagnose various problems. Nerve conduction studies and needle electromyography (EMG) are tests performed to assess the health of nerves and muscles. A neurophysiologist stimulates specific nerves and muscles and studies the resulting activity to evaluate if the …
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What is HIV? Symptoms appear sooner in HIV-1 and progress faster than HIV-2 HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks and damages the cells of the immune system in the body. Impaired immunity makes an individual susceptible to other infections. HIV infection is a lifelong condition with no cure and can lead to fatal complications. With appropriate treatment, …
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What is a supratrochlear nerve block? A supratrochlear nerve block in an injection of anesthetic below the eyebrow to numb the face. A supratrochlear nerve block is a procedure to anesthetize the lower middle portion of the forehead and the bridge of the nose. An anesthetic injection is administered below the eyebrow on the edge close to the nasal bridge, …
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What is a superficial peroneal nerve block? A superficial peroneal nerve block is an injection to numb the leg and top of the foot. A superficial peroneal nerve block is a procedure to anesthetize a portion of the lower leg and the upper (dorsal) foot. A line of anesthetic injections are administered at the lower end of the front of …
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What is perioral dermatitis? Treatment of perioral dermatitis depends on the extent of the disease and the underlying cause. Perioral dermatitis (POD) is a rash that involves the skin around the mouth. The rash of POD is bumpy and scaly in appearance. There may be itching and pain, along with the discharge of clear fluid from the rash. POD mostly …
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What is Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma? The exact cause of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is unknown. However, a variety of conditions act as risk factors in the development of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma are a family history of lymphoma and more. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is cancer that affects the lymphatic system, a part of the body’s immune system. The lymphatic system helps in filtering foreign cells …
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What is therapeutic hypnosis? Hypnosis doesn't have a robust body of scientific evidence backing its effectiveness, but it may help people with mental health problems and addiction control symptoms. Therapeutic hypnosis (hypnotherapy) is a technique used by some psychotherapists to induce a trance-like state of mind that becomes more open to suggestions from the therapist. The technique uses focused attention, …
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