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Learn about cystogram vs. cystoscopy in terms of procedure, uses, and risks
A cystogram is similar to a cystoscopy in terms of the conditions both are used to diagnose. However, there is a key difference in the procedure:
- Cystography is an imaging test that uses X-rays to diagnose problems in the bladder.
- Cystoscopy is a procedure that uses a hollow tube with a lens to examine the lining of the bladder and urethra and diagnose or treat urinary tract problems such as bladder cancer, bladder control issues, enlarged prostate, and urinary tract infections.
How is cystogram vs. cystoscopy done?
Cystogram procedure
- The patient is instructed to fast before the test.
- A laxative may be prescribed for the night before or an enema may be given the morning of the test.
- A urinary catheter (thin tube) is inserted into the bladder and a contrast dye is injected. The contrast dye helps the doctor visualize the bladder clearly and take X-rays of the kidney, ureter, and bladder.
- The patient is asked to change positions for different X-ray views of the urinary system.
- After all X-rays have been taken, the catheter is removed.
- Sometimes, a cystogram is combined with other procedures such as cystourethrography (images of the bladder and urethra), fluoroscopy, and voiding cystourethrography (to evaluate bladder emptying).
- Cystography may show whether urine backflows up into the kidneys (vesicoureteral reflux).
- The patient may be advised to drink plenty of fluids after the test to help flush out the contrast dye from the system.
Cystoscopy procedure
- A diagnostic cystoscopy usually takes about 5 minutes but may take longer if it is part of treatment.
- A lubricated cystoscope (a pencil-sized lighted tube with a camera or viewing lens) is inserted through the urethra to the bladder.
- Sterile saltwater is injected through the cystoscope into the bladder. A stretched, full bladder makes it easier to visualize the bladder lining.
- If needed, small instruments are inserted through the cystoscope to remove tissue samples or tumors.
- The injected liquid is then drained from the bladder.
- For the first 1-2 days following the procedure, mild belly pain, blood-tinged urine, or pain when urinating is to be expected.
- An antibiotic may be prescribed to prevent infection.
What is a cystogram vs. cystoscopy used for?
Cystogram uses
- Cystography can help diagnose the following:
- Hematuria (blood in urine)
- Recurrent urinary tract infections
- Problems emptying the bladder
- Urinary reflux (when urine flows back into one or both ureters and, in some cases, to one or both kidneys)
- Urinary incontinence
Other reasons you may need a cystography include:
- Trauma to the bladder
- Blockage or narrowing of the ureters or urethra
- Before or after certain spine surgeries
Cystoscopy uses
Cystoscopy may be recommended to help diagnose or treat the following:
- Bladder control issues, such as urinary retention (inability to empty the bladder) or incontinence (inability to control urine flow)
- Bladder stones
- Hematuria (blood in the urine)
- Frequent urinary tract infections
- Dysuria (painful urination)
- Bladder or urethral cancer
- Bladder control problems
- Enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia)
- Urethral strictures
- Urinary fistulas
What are the risks involved in a cystogram vs. cystoscopy?
Cystogram risks
There are no significant risks involved other than radiation exposure due to the number of X-rays done and the risk of a bladder infection caused by catheter insertion. Inform your doctor if you are:
- Pregnant or think you may be pregnant
- Allergic to or sensitive to contrast dyes, local anesthesia, iodine, or latex
- Suffering from kidney failure or other kidney problems
Factors that can make the results of the test less accurate include:
- Gas or stools in the intestines
- Recent barium enema exam
Contact your doctor if you have:
- Pain while urinating or pain gets worse or lasts longer than 2 days
- Fever or chills
- Abdominal pain
- Blood in urine
- Less urine than usual
Cystoscopy risks
Although a cystoscopy is a relatively low-risk procedure, potential complications may include:
- Bladder infection
- Perforation or spasms (painful cramps and urine leakage)
- Urethral scarring, narrowing or trauma
- Urinary tract infection
Contact your doctor if you have:
- Severe painful urination
- Significant amount of blood or blood clots in the urine
- Inability to urinate
- Signs of infection such as fever, pelvic pain, or strong-smelling or cloudy urine
