What causes a thumb dislocation? Thumb dislocations are usually caused by bending the thumb backward (hyperextension) beyond its normal range. A forceful trauma (e.g., sports injury or fall) to any of the figure joints can result in finger dislocation (movement of bone out of its original position).  The thumb consists of only two joints, whereas …

What is a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube? A Sengstaken-Blakemore tube involves the insertion of an SB tube either through the nose or mouth to slow or stop bleeding from the esophagus or stomach caused due to varices. A Sengstaken-Blakemore tube (SB) tube is a red tube that prevents or slows bleeding from the esophagus or stomach caused due to gastric or esophageal …

What is a posterior long leg splint? A posterior long leg splint is usually recommended for the following leg injuries includes femur bone fracture in children. Posterior long leg splinting is a type of splint used to stabilize injuries by reducing movement and providing support to prevent further limb damage. A splint is a type of medical equipment made of …

What is a posterior long arm splint? Posterior arm splinting is often the treatment of choice in the emergency department (ED) because they reduce swelling that may be present at the site of injury and thereby reduce the further risks. Posterior long arm splint is used in the management of multiple upper long arm injuries. A splint is a type …

What is end-tidal capnography? The end-tidal capnography is used by emergency physicians and paramedics to determine the respiration of the patient. End-tidal capnography or end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) monitoring is a non-invasive technique that measures the partial pressure or maximal concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) at the end of an exhaled breath. The normal values are 5-6% CO2, which is equivalent …

What is TME surgery? Total mesorectal excision (TME) is a surgical procedure to remove cancer from the end of the anal area (rectum). Total mesorectal excision (TME) is a type of procedure to remove cancer from the end of the anal area (rectum). In this procedure, the surgeon removes the part of the rectum that contains cancer and some healthy …

What is anterior shoulder instability? Putti-Platt is one of the surgical treatment options for anterior shoulder instability. The shoulder joint is one of the largest and most complex joints in the body. It has the greatest range of movement of any joint, but this leaves it unstable and with the highest chance of dislocation of all the body’s joints. The …

What is hallux valgus? A hallux valgus osteotomy involves straightening the big toe to restore the normal alignment of the toe. Hallux valgus, also known as a bunion, is the most common misalignment of the big toes. It is a deformity in which the big toe deviates toward the small toes. In a severe type of deformity, the big toe …

What is a shoulder dislocation? Shoulder dislocations are the most common joint dislocations observed in the emergency department and make up for more than 50% of all dislocations observed in hospitals. Your shoulder is a ball-and-socket joint where the head of the humerus (ball) fits into the glenoid cavity (socket) of the scapula bone. When the humerus slips out of …

What is aortic stenosis? Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) surgically and artificially replaces an aortic valve narrowed by aortic stenosis. Sometimes, malfunction of the heart valves can lead to issues with blood flow and threaten the overall health of an individual.  Stenosis, more specifically aortic stenosis (AS), is narrowing of the aortic valve (one of the important heart valves) opening. …