Phenotypes can be useful for clinical diagnosis by characterizing the most typical patterns of progression identified in MS patients According to the International Advisory Committee on Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Clinical Trials, there are four basic phenotypes of MS: Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) Relapsing-remitting (RRMS) Secondary progressive (SPMS) Primary progressive (PPMS) Phenotypes can be useful for …

What causes chickenpox? Both chickenpox and shingles are caused by the varicella-zoster virus. The difference between chickenpox and shingles is that chickenpox usually occurs first, and shingles are a result of a reactivation of chickenpox later on. Even though chickenpox and shingles are usually spoken of together, they are very different illnesses. Some think only kids get chickenpox, and only …

Learn about causes, risk factors, and treatment for type I diabetes mellitus The pathophysiology of type I diabetes is autoimmunity, which is a complex interplay between genetic predisposition and possible viral infection of the pancreas. Due to a faulty immune reaction, the immune system mounts an attack on the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas while killing the virus, causing …

Learn about what causes type I vs. type II diabetes Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic illnesses characterized by persistent hyperglycemia caused by abnormalities in insulin production, insulin action, or both.  Type I diabetes mellitus is caused by an autoimmune reaction to proteins in the pancreatic islets cells. Type II diabetes mellitus is caused by a combination of genetic …

Most people experience migraine episodes 2-4 times a month Migraines of any frequency are not normal. Most people experience migraine episodes 2-4 times a month while others may only have 1-2 episodes a year. Migraines can be classified into distinct categories based on the number of episodes: Acute or episodic migraine: 1-14 of fewer migraine headaches a month Chronic migraine: 15 …

There are 7 HIV drug classes based on how they fight HIV Effective treatment for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) often involves a combination of anti-HIV drugs to lower HIV levels in the body.  HIV therapy is also known as antiretroviral therapy, highly active antiretroviral therapy, or antiretrovirals. Scientists have created medications that prevent HIV from replicating work to slow the …

What is kidney disease? Chronic kidney disease means your kidneys aren't working as well as they should. It's possible to live for many years with kidney disease. If you have been diagnosed with chronic kidney disease, you may be concerned about your life expectancy. Such a disease is a lifelong condition, and you will need to manage it carefully. It …

Alternative treatments cannot cure breast cancer. However, alternative medicines can be beneficial to manage side effects. The treatment options for breast cancer are determined by the: Location of cancer Tumor size Stage and grade of cancer Spread to other parts of the body Cancer cells are sensitive to hormones The overall health of the patient Considering these factors, your physician …

Because there are no ingredients used in the Bug Bite Thing, it is mostly risk-free and is suitable for everyone to use. The Bug Bite Thing is a suction device that provides relief from symptoms such as itching, stinging, and swelling caused by bug bites and other insect stings. It does so by drawing out the insect saliva (and possible …

Certain factors may trigger an asthma attack in susceptible individuals. Though asthma symptoms may come on suddenly without any prior noticeable change, sometimes, an asthma attack typically starts with a few early warning signs. These are caused by changes in the airways that happen before or at the very beginning of an asthma attack. The earliest signs of an approaching …