Generic drug: Antihemophilic Factor
Brand name: Afstyla
What is Afstyla (Antihemophilic Factor), and how does it work?
- Afstyla, Antihemophilic Factor (Recombinant), Single Chain is a medicine used to replace clotting Factor VIII that is missing in patients with hemophilia A.
- Hemophilia A is an inherited bleeding disorder that prevents blood from clotting normally.
- Does not contain human plasma-derived proteins or albumin.
- Your healthcare provider may give you this medicine when you have surgery.
- Is used to treat and control bleeding in all patients with hemophilia A.
- Can reduce the number of bleeding episodes when used regularly (prophylaxis) and reduce the risk of joint damage due to bleeding.
- Is not used to treat von Willebrand disease.
What are the side effects of Afstyla?
- Allergic reactions may occur. Immediately stop treatment and call your healthcare provider right away if you get a rash or hives, itching, tightness of the chest or throat, difficulty breathing, light-headedness, dizziness, nausea, or decrease in blood pressure.
- Your body may form inhibitors to Factor VIII. An inhibitor is a part of the body's defense system. If you form inhibitors, it may stop this medicine from working properly. The greatest risk of this occurring is in previously untreated patients. Your healthcare provider may need to test your blood for inhibitors from time to time.
- Common side effects are dizziness and allergic reactions.
- These are not the only side effects possible. Tell your healthcare provider about any side effect that bothers you or does not go away.
What is the dosage for Afstyla?
For intravenous use after reconstitution only.
Dosing Guidelines
- Dose and duration of treatment depend on the severity of the Factor VIII deficiency, the location and extent of bleeding, and the patient's clinical condition.
- Each vial of Afstyla states the actual amount of Factor VIII activity in International Units (IU) as determined by chromogenic assay. One IU corresponds to the activity of Factor VIII contained in 1 milliliter (mL) of normal human plasma.
- Plasma Factor VIII levels can be monitored using either a chromogenic assay or a one-stage clotting assay – routinely used in US clinical laboratories. If the one-stage clotting assay is used, multiply the result by a conversion factor of 2 to determine the patient's Factor VIII activity level.
Calculating Required Dose
The expected in vivo peak increase in Factor VIII level expressed as IU/dL (or % of normal) is estimated using the following formula:
Estimated Increment of Factor VIII (IU/dL or % of normal) = [Total Dose (IU)/body weight (kg)] × 2 (IU/dL per IU/kg)
The dose to achieve a desired in vivo peak increase in Factor VIII level may be calculated using the following formula:
Dose (IU) = body weight (kg) × Desired Factor VIII rise (IU/dL or % of normal) × 0.5 (IU/kg per IU/dL)
- The calculation of the required dose of Factor VIII is based on the empirical finding that 1 IU Factor VIII per kg body weight raises the plasma Factor VIII level by 2 IU/dL.
- The amount of Afstyla to be administered and the frequency of administration should always be oriented to the clinical effectiveness in the individual case.
On-Demand Treatment And Control Of Bleeding Episodes
A guide for dosing Afstyla in the treatment and control of bleeding episodes is provided in Table 1. Consideration should be given to maintaining a Factor VIII activity at or above the target range.
Table 1. Dosing for On-demand Treatment and Control of Bleeding Episodes
Type of Bleeding Episode
Factor VIII Activity
Level Required
(% or IU/dL)
Frequency of Doses (hours)
Minor
Uncomplicated hemarthrosis, minor muscle bleeding or oral bleeding
20-40
Repeat injection every 12-24 hours until the bleeding is resolved.
Moderate
Muscle bleeding (except iliopsoas), hemarthrosis, or mild trauma
30-60
Repeat injection every 12-24 hours until the bleeding is resolved.
Major/Life-threatening
Limb threatening hemorrhage, deep muscle bleeding (including iliopsoas), intracranial and retropharyngeal bleeding, fractures or head trauma
60-100
Repeat injection every 8-24 hours until bleed is resolved.
Routine Prophylaxis
- Adults and adolescents (≥12 years): The recommended starting regimen is 20 to 50 IU per kg of
Afstyla administered 2 to 3 times weekly. - Children (<12 years): The recommended starting regimen is 30 to 50 IU
per kg of Afstyla administered 2 to 3 times weekly. More frequent or higher
doses may be required in children <12 years of age to account for the higher
clearance in this age group. - The regimen may be adjusted based on patient response.
Perioperative Management Of Bleeding
A guide for dosing Afstyla during surgery (perioperative management of bleeding) is provided in Table 2. Consideration should be given to maintaining a Factor VIII activity at or above the target range.
Table 2. Target Factor VIII Activity Levels for Perioperative Management of Bleeding
Type of Surgery
Factor VIII Activity
Level Required
(% or IU/dL)
Frequency of Doses (hours) / Duration of Therapy (days)
Minor
(including tooth extraction)
30-60
Repeat injection every 24 hours for at least 1 day, until healing is achieved.
Major
(intracranial, intra-abdominal, intrathoracic, or joint-replacement)
80-100
Repeat injection every 8-24 hours until adequate wound healing, then continue therapy for at least another 7 days to maintain a Factor VIII activity of 30-60% (IU/dL).
What drugs interact with Afstyla?
No Information Provided
Is Afstyla safe to use while pregnant or breastfeeding?
- There are no data with Afstyla use in pregnant women to inform on drug-associated risk.
- There is no information regarding the excretion of Afstyla in human milk, the effect on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production.
- The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for
Afstyla and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from
Afstyla or from the underlying maternal condition.