Smoker's lung introduction Picture of normal airway and lung Cigarette smoking is associated with a wide variety of abnormalities throughout the body that cause not only illness, but also, all too often, death. Indeed, if all deaths from diseases related to smoking (lung disease, heart disease, and cancers of many different organs) were considered, a …
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What is superficial heat and cold therapy? Superficial cold therapy can reduce swelling and pain. Superficial heat therapy can reduce pain, and increase muscle relaxation. Superficial heat and cold therapy are adjunctive therapy used for pain control and sports injury treatment. These therapies exert their effects at a depth of 1-2 cm. In general, these therapies limit tissue damage, control …
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What is a sacroiliac joint? A sacroiliac (SI) joint injection is the injection of local anesthetics or corticosteroids into the SI joint to treat pain. A sacroiliac (SI) joint is a joint in the lower back that connects the bones of the spine and tailbone (sacrum) to the hip bones (iliac crests). The main function of the SI joint is …
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What is aortic stenosis? Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) surgically and artificially replaces an aortic valve narrowed by aortic stenosis. Sometimes, malfunction of the heart valves can lead to issues with blood flow and threaten the overall health of an individual. Stenosis, more specifically aortic stenosis (AS), is narrowing of the aortic valve (one of the important heart valves) opening. …
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What is a posterior long arm splint? Posterior arm splinting is often the treatment of choice in the emergency department (ED) because they reduce swelling that may be present at the site of injury and thereby reduce the further risks. Posterior long arm splint is used in the management of multiple upper long arm injuries. A splint is a type …
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What is a shoulder dislocation? Shoulder dislocations are the most common joint dislocations observed in the emergency department and make up for more than 50% of all dislocations observed in hospitals. Your shoulder is a ball-and-socket joint where the head of the humerus (ball) fits into the glenoid cavity (socket) of the scapula bone. When the humerus slips out of …
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What is TME surgery? Total mesorectal excision (TME) is a surgical procedure to remove cancer from the end of the anal area (rectum). Total mesorectal excision (TME) is a type of procedure to remove cancer from the end of the anal area (rectum). In this procedure, the surgeon removes the part of the rectum that contains cancer and some healthy …
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What is pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation? An ECMO system works by drawing blood from the patient’s body to artificially oxygenate the red blood cells in the blood and removes carbon dioxide from the blood. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), also called extracorporeal life support (ECLS), is a technique of providing prolonged cardiac and respiratory support to patients whose heart and lungs …
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What is a trachea? Tracheal resection is a surgical procedure in which a part of the windpipe is removed. A trachea, also called a windpipe, is a tube about 4 inches long and less than an inch in diameter in most people. This tube connects the larynx (voice box) to the lungs. The trachea begins just under the voice box …
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What is tracheobronchial sleeve resection? Tracheobronchial sleeve resection is a surgery performed to save a part and function of the lungs, typically for non-small-cell lung cancer. Tracheobronchial sleeve resection or a sleeve lobectomy is a surgical procedure to remove a lobe of the lungs and part of the bronchi (airway) usually to eliminate a cancerous or aggressive tumor. In this …
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