breast cancer

What is perineal reconstruction? Perineal reconstruction is rebuilding of damaged or deformed tissue between the genitals and anus. Perineal reconstruction is rebuilding of damaged or deformed tissue between the genitals and anus. Perineal reconstruction is typically done for acquired and congenital deformities or reconstruction following cancer surgery in genital and urinary parts of the body. It …

Why is submuscular breast augmentation done? Submuscular breast augmentation is a surgical procedure that involves changing the shape of the breasts and enlarging them by placing an implant below the breast muscles. Submuscular breast augmentation is a surgical procedure that involves changing the shape of the breasts and enlarging them by placing an implant below the breast muscles. The muscles …

What is dacryocystorhinostomy surgery? Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is a surgical procedure that involves restoration of the normal flow of tears through the tear ducts to the nose and alleviates the excessive tearing.  Abnormal watering of eyes (epiphora) occurs because of an obstruction of the tear drainage system (tear ducts), either due to structural problems or infection. This impairs normal tear drainage …

What is depression? Depression causes sadness and/or a loss of interest in activities once enjoyed. It can also decrease a person’s ability to function at work and home. The American Psychiatric Association defines major depressive disorder (depression) as a common, but serious, medical illness that negatively affects how one feels, thinks and acts. Depression causes sadness and/or a loss of interest …

What are the causes of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)? The early signs and symptoms of IBS are abdominal pain and alterations in bowel habits. Abdominal pain may worsen after meals. Both diarrhea or constipation are common.  Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common intestinal disorder that is characterized by abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits. Older terms for IBS …

Why do you have foot reconstruction surgery? Foot reconstruction is a surgery performed to correct the anatomy of the foot and restore function. Foot reconstruction is a surgery performed to correct the anatomy of the foot and restore function lost due to trauma, birth defects, infection and other illnesses. Foot diseases may make parts of daily life difficult and frustrating. Severe foot conditions often require long-term …

What are the causes of type 2 diabetes? In type 2 diabetes, the body's cells cannot take up glucose properly, leading to high levels of glucose in the blood. Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by increased blood sugar (glucose) level.  Diabetes is caused by either insufficient insulin secretion or resistance to that hormone’s action.  Insulin is produced by the …

What are flaps in plastic surgery? Transpositional flaps in plastic surgery refer to cutouts of healthy skin or other tissue. The surgeon then rotates the still-attached tissue to cover an adjacent injury or defect. Flaps are skin and subcutaneous tissue with an intact blood supply moved to cover an adjacent tissue defect. They are used in reconstructive surgery (usually performed by …

Kawasaki disease facts A non-blistering rash is one of the clinical features of Kawasaki disease. Kawasaki disease is a syndrome of unknown cause that mainly strikes young children. Kawasaki disease symptoms and signs include fever and redness of the eyes, hands, feet, mouth, and tongue. The disease can be treated with high doses of aspirin (salicylic acid) and gamma globulin. …

What is trigeminal neuralgia surgery? Trigeminal neuralgia surgery is a procedure to decompress the trigeminal nerve that may cause pain and discomfort in the face. Trigeminal neuralgia surgery is a treatment for facial nerve pain (neuralgia) that is caused by irritation in the trigeminal nerve. The trigeminal nerve has three main branches on each side of the face, which combine …