breast cancer

Facts you should know about post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Women are twice as likely to develop PTSD as men. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an emotional illness that doctors first formally diagnosed in soldiers and war veterans and is usually caused by terribly frightening, life-threatening, or otherwise highly unsafe experiences but can also be caused …

What causes femur fractures in adults? Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of a displaced distal femur fracture involves surgically fastening hardware to the bone so it heals in the correct position. The femur, commonly known as the thigh bone, is the largest bone located in the upper part of your leg. Trauma from a motor vehicle accident, a fall …

What is liver ablation surgery? Radiofrequency ablation is one of several established methods of destroying liver tumors without removing them surgically. Liver ablation surgery is a procedure that destroys liver tumors without surgically removing them. The technique can be used in people with: Early-stage liver cancer Primary liver tumor that cannot be operated Poor general health and metastatic growths Multiple …

What causes femur fractures in children? Distal femur fractures in children can stunt growth of the leg by injuring the growth plate in the bone. An open reduction and internal fixation fastens the thigh bone pieces together with hardware, encouraging the bone to heal correctly and hopefully avoiding a stunted leg. The femur, commonly known as the thigh bone, is …

Minimally invasive hip arthroplasty uses a laparoscope to remove a damaged or diseased hip joint and replace it with hardware. This approach usually improves recovery time versus an open hip replacement surgery. Hip arthroplasty is also called hip replacement surgery. The hip consists of a ball (femoral head) that fits into a socket (acetabulum). The joint capsule and surrounding ligaments …

What is a pulmonary function test? Four common types of lung tests are spirometry, lung volume test, gas diffusion test, and exercise stress test. Pulmonary function test or lung function test is a group of tests that check the workings of the lungs. They are noninvasive test which can determine the functional status of the lung cells and how well …

What is a pacemaker? The most common use of pacemakers is the treatment of abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias). A pacemaker is a tiny device (not more than the size of a small matchbox), placed in the chest or abdomen, that sends small electrical impulses to the heart muscles for maintaining a suitable heart rate. It may also be used to …

What is piriformis syndrome? Sometimes the piriformis muscle can become irritated, swollen, and tight due to injury and twitching. It can then press upon the nearby sciatic nerve. The pyriformis syndrome is a painful neuromuscular condition that develops due to abnormal tightening of the pyriformis muscle situated near the hip joint. The tight muscle irritates or compresses the sciatic nerve …

What is a biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy? A sphincterotomy is a complex procedure that involves the use of an endoscope (a long, thin, flexible tube that has a light and camera at one end) and imaging techniques to manipulate the sphincter of Oddi.  A biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy removes gallstones and bile duct blockages.   A biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy is a procedure …

What are the causes of a rectal foreign body? The doctor will take the patient’s complete history to know if the cause of the problems is a rectal foreign body. The Rectum is the part after your bowel where the stools get collected before expulsion from the anus.  A rectal foreign body is an object that has been introduced manually …