breast cancer

What are pediatric vaccines? Pediatric vaccination involves exposing children to dead or otherwise inactive viruses or viral antigens, spurring their immune systems to develop immunity to the disease in question before exposure in the field. Pediatric vaccines are injections given to children to immunize them to certain diseases caused by germs. Administration of pediatric vaccines …

What is conscious sedation? Sedatives and pain relievers as well as local anesthetic are used to induce conscious sedation. Conscious sedation, medically known as procedural sedation and/or moderate sedation, is a procedure to relieve anxiety and depress the level of consciousness in patients, before minor procedures. Conscious sedation is usually performed by physicians in their office, with the administration of …

What is procedural sedation? Procedural sedation is usually minimal or moderate sedation; the lower tier of four specific sedation levels recognized by anesthesiologists and other clinicians. Procedural sedation induces relaxation and a depressed level of consciousness in patients who undergo certain noninvasive or minimally invasive procedures. Procedural sedation involves the administration of sedatives and pain relievers (analgesics) before minor procedures. …

What are opioids? Switching patients from one opioid painkiller to another may be necessary for many reasons, whether cost, drug availability or the patient developing a tolerance. Opioid equivalents and conversions charts allow doctors to switch drugs while maintaining the same level of painkilling effectiveness and avoiding overdosing the patient. Opioids are chemical compounds with properties similar to opium, a …

What are ototopical antibiotics? Ototopical antibiotics are applied as the first-line offence against middle ear infection. Ototopical antibiotics are medications administered topically in the ear for treating middle ear infections. Ototopical antibiotics are usually the first-line treatment for recurrent bacterial ear infections, in the absence of systemic infection. Ear infections are more common in children, and often clear up on …

What to do if you have been diagnosed with an STD? If you are diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease (STD), you must observe the following precautions If you are diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease (STD), you must observe the following precautions: Immediately contact your doctor/venereologist/gynecologist Contact your partner(s) and let them know that they also need to get …

PID is an infection of the female reproductive organs that can damage parts of the female reproductive system Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the female reproductive organs that can damage parts of the female reproductive system (uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, etc). Usually, patients may not realize that they have PID because symptoms may be mild, or they …

How is meningitis treated? Treatment depends on the type of meningitis. Treatment depends on the type of meningitis. The treatment for different types of meningitis is as follows: Bacterial meningitis: It is treated with antibiotics. Intravenous administration of corticosteroids and antibiotics helps to bring down inflammation. After identifying the specific bacteria, physicians may change antibiotics. Besides antibiotics, the physician may …

What are the symptoms of sarcoidosis? Sarcoidosis is a potentially serious illness that rarely results in death. Sarcoidosis is a rare condition in which small patches of red and swollen tissues (granulomas) develop in organs in the body. It usually affects the lungs and skin. This condition may change the normal structure and possibly the function of an affected organ. …

What are the symptoms of meningitis? Meningitis is an inflammation of the membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord The classic triad of symptoms in patients with meningitis includes: Fever Neck stiffness Altered mental status Other common symptoms of meningitis include: Severe headache Fever higher than 38°C Nausea Photophobia (Painful sensitivity to light) Less common symptoms of meningitis include: Seizures …