breast cancer

What is a sinus infection? Sinus infections can be treated with medications and self-care measures. The sinuses are air-filled cavities that surround the nose and drain into the nose. They are present in the forehead, the cheeks and near the eyes. A sinus infection occurs when the sinus gets blocked and mucus gets trapped in …

What are opioids? Switching patients from one opioid painkiller to another may be necessary for many reasons, whether cost, drug availability or the patient developing a tolerance. Opioid equivalents and conversions charts allow doctors to switch drugs while maintaining the same level of painkilling effectiveness and avoiding overdosing the patient. Opioids are chemical compounds with properties similar to opium, a …

What are ototopical antibiotics? Ototopical antibiotics are applied as the first-line offence against middle ear infection. Ototopical antibiotics are medications administered topically in the ear for treating middle ear infections. Ototopical antibiotics are usually the first-line treatment for recurrent bacterial ear infections, in the absence of systemic infection. Ear infections are more common in children, and often clear up on …

What is conscious sedation? Sedatives and pain relievers as well as local anesthetic are used to induce conscious sedation. Conscious sedation, medically known as procedural sedation and/or moderate sedation, is a procedure to relieve anxiety and depress the level of consciousness in patients, before minor procedures. Conscious sedation is usually performed by physicians in their office, with the administration of …

What is procedural sedation? Procedural sedation is usually minimal or moderate sedation; the lower tier of four specific sedation levels recognized by anesthesiologists and other clinicians. Procedural sedation induces relaxation and a depressed level of consciousness in patients who undergo certain noninvasive or minimally invasive procedures. Procedural sedation involves the administration of sedatives and pain relievers (analgesics) before minor procedures. …

What are nocturnal leg cramps? Nocturnal leg cramps are sudden, painful muscle contractions Nocturnal leg cramps, also known as sleep-related leg cramps or charley horse, are sudden, painful muscle contractions occurring at night that can disturb sleep. It usually affects the calf or foot and may last for several seconds to minutes. Nocturnal leg cramps affect approximately 50-60% of adults …

Half of all sexually active young adults get an STD by the age of 25 years. According to the American Social Health Organization, each year one out of four teens in the United States develops a sexually transmitted disease (STD). Half of all sexually active young adults get an STD by the age of 25 years. The top 10 STDs …

What to do if you have been diagnosed with an STD? If you are diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease (STD), you must observe the following precautions If you are diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease (STD), you must observe the following precautions: Immediately contact your doctor/venereologist/gynecologist Contact your partner(s) and let them know that they also need to get …

PID is an infection of the female reproductive organs that can damage parts of the female reproductive system Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the female reproductive organs that can damage parts of the female reproductive system (uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, etc). Usually, patients may not realize that they have PID because symptoms may be mild, or they …

How is meningitis treated? Treatment depends on the type of meningitis. Treatment depends on the type of meningitis. The treatment for different types of meningitis is as follows: Bacterial meningitis: It is treated with antibiotics. Intravenous administration of corticosteroids and antibiotics helps to bring down inflammation. After identifying the specific bacteria, physicians may change antibiotics. Besides antibiotics, the physician may …