What is Mycobacterium marinum? Mycobacterium marinum (M. marinum) is a slow-growing atypical mycobacterium that is commonly found in bodies of fresh or saltwater in many parts of the world. Skin infections with Mycobacterium marinum in humans are relatively uncommon and are usually acquired from contact with contents of aquariums or fish. Most infections occur following …

There is no medication to treat guinea worm disease or a vaccine to prevent infection. There is no medication to treat guinea worm disease or a vaccine to prevent infection. Treatment can only begin when the wound is formed on the skin and the adult worm emerges through it. Treatment involves removing the worm manually by a healthcare professional. When …

What causes Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease? The cause of CJD and other TSE diseases is due to the abnormality of a protein called a prion. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease belongs to a broad group of human and animal diseases called transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE). The cause of CJD and other TSE diseases is due to the abnormality of a protein called a prion. Normally …

Infants with BH4 deficiency appear normal at birth. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiency is a neurological condition characterized by abnormalities in the production and regeneration of tetrahydrobiopterin. Tetrahydrobiopterin, a naturally occurring chemical substance, which helps to enhance the functions of certain enzymes. Deficiency of BH4 leads to abnormally high levels of the amino acid, phenylalanine, and low levels of certain neurotransmitters in …

Diabetic retinopathy is a condition that affects a person with diabetes. The four stages of diabetic retinopathy include: Mild nonproliferative retinopathy (background retinopathy): In this stage, there are small areas of balloon-like swelling in the tiny blood vessels of the retina. These swellings, also known as microaneurysms, may cause the vessels to leak small amounts of blood in the retinas. …

Testicular cancer is cancer that is mostly seen in young men. Testicular cancer is cancer that is mostly seen in young men. It can show different symptoms in different people. However, the most commonly reported symptom of testicular cancer is ‘a lump in the testis.’ The lump or mass may be painless or rarely be painful. A person may feel …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the disease of motor neurons. The earliest signs of ALS usually include muscle weakness or stiffness (spasticity). ALS typically affects all muscles under voluntary control, and the person ultimately loses their strength and ability to eat, speak, grasp things, move, and even breathe. They find it difficult to perform routine tasks such as feeding themselves …

Mouth cancer is also referred to as oral cancer. Early signs of mouth cancer present with the following: Mouth cancers usually begin as a flat lesion in any part of the oral cavity A white or red patch in the mouth An ulcer which does not heal on the lips or inside the mouth Bleeding from the ulcer A swelling/lump …

The life expectancy is normal as long as breathing problems during infancy are managed well. A patient diagnosed with Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) may expect to have approximately the same lifetime as the general population with proper management and a healthy lifestyle. The life expectancy is normal as long as breathing problems during infancy are managed well. However, the outlook depends on …

The life expectancy in this syndrome has increased to greater than 25% since 1972. People who are accurately diagnosed, adapt proper lifestyles and receive appropriate medical and surgical management may live for a normal life span (into their 70s). However, there are no guarantees. Having Marfan syndrome does not mean patients might not acquire other conditions that are common in …