When should I be concerned about blood in my stool?

What is blood in the stool?

Stool that is bright red, maroon colored, or black may be a sign of concern. It can be a symptom of many disorders some of which may be serious.

It is important to recognize the signs of blood in the stool early. Stool that is bright red, maroon colored, or black may be a sign of rectal bleeding. Several conditions can cause rectal bleeding, such as hemorrhoids, colon cancer, and polyps.

Not all red or black stool indicates the presence of blood. Certain foods can affect the color of your stool. Tomatoes, beets, and cranberries can all make stool look red, as can red food dye. Blueberries, black licorice, and dark leafy vegetables can all turn stool black.

Many causes of rectal bleeding will either resolve on their own or can be treated by a doctor.

Signs and symptoms of bloody stool

Pay attention to the color of your stool and whether it is mixed into the stool or covering it. This may be important information that helps your doctor make a diagnosis.

All of the following may indicate rectal bleeding:

Dark blood in the stool
Bright-red blood mixed with or covering the stool
Black or tarry (resembling the color of tar) stool
Bright-red bloody vomit
Vomit that resembles coffee grounds

Bright-red stool may indicate that blood is coming from the rectum or lower digestive tract. Darker blood may suggest that it is coming from the upper digestive tract.

Abdominal cramps may indicate that blood in the stool is also irritating the stomach.

Causes of blood in the stool

Many things can cause blood in the stool. Common causes of rectal bleeding include:

Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids are swollen blood vessels in the anus or rectum. They are the most common cause of rectal bleeding and are often related to constipation, pregnancy, heavy lifting, obesity, and diarrhea. They typically do not produce pain.

Anal fissures

Anal fissures are tears in the lining of the anus. They can result from constipation, diarrhea, or inflammation. They frequently cause pain during and after bowel movements.

Proctitis

Proctitis is the inflammation of the rectum’s lining. It may be caused by an infection, radiation therapy, some medications, or inflammatory bowel disease.

Colon polyps

Polyps are growths in the lining of the large bowel. Most do not cause symptoms. However, they may turn into colon cancer if left untreated.

Colon cancer

It is important to catch colon cancer early when it can still be treated. It may or may not produce rectal bleeding. Other symptoms of colon cancer include.

Abdominal cramping
Weakness
Fatigue
Unintended weight loss

Additional Blood in Stool Causes

Several other disorders may cause rectal bleeding, including:

Peptic ulcers (sores in the lining of the esophagus)
Crohn’s disease (chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract)
Ulcerative colitis (inflammation of the large intestine)
Gastritis (inflammation of the stomach lining)
Diverticulitis (inflammation or infection of small pouches in your intestines)
Intestinal infection

When to see the doctor for blood in the stool

Continuous rectal bleeding, large quantities of blood in the stool, or black or tarry stool can all be symptoms of serious diseases. In addition, the presence of a fever or excessive weakness combined with bloody stool requires a visit to the doctor.

Diagnosing blood in the stool

A doctor will need to locate which area of the gastrointestinal tract is causing the bleeding. In order to diagnose the cause of blood in the stool, your doctor may perform one or more of the following tests:

Blood test
Stool sample
Colonoscopy, where a camera is inserted into the colon
Endoscopy, where a camera is inserted through the mouth or rectum
Capsule endoscopy, where a camera is swallowed

Treatments for blood in the stool

While some causes of blood in the stool may resolve on their own, your doctor may decide on an active treatment to stop the bleeding.

The most common method of treatment is endoscopy. In addition to being a diagnostic tool, it can be used to introduce a needle to inject chemicals or a cauterization device, which is used to burn a part of the body to close it or remove it.

Medication can also be used to control the recurrence of bleeding. Surgery may also be required to remove hemorrhoids or polyps.